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THE STRANGE CASE OF THE BLOG FIRST CLONED

How reaccionariáis if suddenly, almost by accident, found that on the other side of the planet there is another person identical to the smallest detail to yourselves? And I do not mean just physical features, to some extent to most of us happen to be someone once told us: "Hey, I greeted the other day to another thinking that it was you and no, you're out there one exactly like you. " After you meet that person face to face and it is true, that you like is reasonable but not beyond that.

No, I mean someone clone me to you, not only in physical resemblance if not in thoughts, feelings, thoughts, ideas ... Well, as you could not expect such a strange place like this, it happened to MADHOUSE. Well, specifically one of his posts (so far as I know).

The haunting has appeared to be thousands of miles from here, particularly in Uruguay and to go out for yourself by checking the absolute resemblance revisitéis I invite you to one of my old post, specifically THIS . Now I ask you to spend a little more of your time and visit this other POST which I assure you I AM NOT THE AUTHOR. Identical comments jokes, catch (including makeshift lineup that I made with photoshop, etc.).

The case comes before that it demonstrates that cloning also has been entirely deliberate and not due to an arbitrary search. Pay attention to the reference to the summer that I at first. Given the dates I wrote that post (August 30) was most appropriate. At first I thought it was an oversight of the supposed "usurper" until I realized: "Uruguay in the summer ends now!" It would have been easy to delete that reference, but no, the cloner specimen remained patiently in the test tube to wait for the right to make an exact copy of mine. Give a little bit of yu-yu right? The fact that the place in question is called The Underworld of Hades not specifically called for calm.

This was my incredulity at the time to discover my clone, silly me, I went running to check the dates, it appeared that I were the usurper, which I Schwarzenegger in The Sixth days, was being cloned, the original copy of an entity that existed before me. Fortunately, no dating and immediately cast doubt breathed a sigh of relief. It was still an entity with its own personality, I'm still a person certificate of authenticity, original, non-transferable however much of my ideas and knowledge has come out a clone. I'm real, not an illusion.

All this I say this with bitterness, - who already has treated me in forums or blogs know that I rarely get excited by these and other essentials of life - but I can not leave my amazement at these things. And while I am honored to be worthy of being cloned, I feel sorry for those who are not able to exist without the work and the creation of other people because, after all, encompasses all that a deep sense of inferiority. And if I, being imperfect, riddled with weaknesses, limitations and errors, but only one after all, no I am always happy with myself, what about people who act this way?

So, after my first impetuous impulse to write a message and call to order I gave up, thinking that a clone is also entitled to be happy believing original and unique, or rather, making others believe it is. And last thing I want is enmity with anyone for virtual quarrels have little importance in 100 years, I decided to save the shock of discovering that their "original self" has discovered the deception, much less put in evidence before their own. No, internet is big enough to live in peace the two. But I invited to visit this strange place (more so than mine), and discover if ye other of these cloned beings that lie through the halls of the underworld. Because I have no doubt that the remaining articles, post blogs and even the selected images are only cloned beings whose original life there, who knows where, unaware of the existence of his clone. I tested it personally but at all times to understand that the items are yours (or even allowed to spend any of them.) And with these thoughts on the copy, the original and the certainty that the hell, after all, is not as big as you can assume Hades himself dismissed me to my next (I can not say unique) post.

music and a few moments to dramatize the issue. I recommend the video-clip, very appropriate to the subject. And bizarre is left for the place ...

Clone Fashion (Glamour to kill)

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CHRIST OF THE HISTORY OF CINEMA (USA, France, 1903, 1912)

Original title: La vie et la passion de Jésus Christ (1903). Address: Nonguet Lucien and Ferdinand Zecca. Cast: and Monsier Madame Moreau (Virgin Mary and Joseph). The rest of the cast does not appear. Duration: 44 minutes.

Original title: From the manger to the cross (Jesus of Nazareth, 1912). Address: Sidney Olcott. Cast: Robert Henderson-Bland (Jesus), Gene Gauntier (Virgin Mary), Percy Dyer (Jesus, child), Alice Hollister (Mary Magdalene), Sidney Olcott (Blind), Samuel Morgan (Pontius Pilate) , James D. Ainsley (John the Baptist), Robert G. Vignola (Judas), George Kellogg (Herod), JP McGowan (Andrew). Duration: 70 minutes .

Symptoms: Birth, life and passion of Christ. In the first case reaches its apotheosis resurrection, second only to its cruxifición title, mostly for not contradict the title.

Diagnosis: Session turn over the most important historical figure - regardless of our beliefs, and one that most times has been brought to the screen. Two rare - thanks to cyberspace and not so - a bit away from the topic of the blog and if they have their place here is because it is the first two appearances Jesus major in film.

Make a review here celluloid adaptations to be an emblematic character unnecessary exercise as there is sufficient information. More challenging would be closer yet some of those adaptations that are more Martian and many. Maybe in successive Easter, we'll see as we walk the Christian fervor then.

Once invented the cinematograph in 1895, Jesus of Nazareth would soon appear on the screen. Since the Lumiere brothers themselves two years would roll Life and Passion of Jesus Christ , a set of prints were absolutely naive to great acclaim. It is natural to date the other arts (painting, sculpture, theater) had been monopolized by the church since the Middle Ages for its work "pedagogical" and evangelizing. The enormous potential of the film could not escape them, and soon to use the cinema as an ideal vehicle to achieve inflame the Christian armies, which have left to do, by the way (see Gibson ultracatholic versions or Zefirelli without going further).

La vie et la passion de Jésus Christ The first approach can be considered more or less seriously prsonaje and is not just a remake of that first title of the Lumiere, a bigger budget and gradually expanded from 18 original paintings to the 31 that were in 1905 (version they belong to the links presented below). A delightfully naive appearance, the film itself are nothing more than a series of "pictures" hand-colored (the film is produced by the Pathé brothers precisely this intimate patented system) and displays a rather full life and miracles of Jesus. It is irresistible to see the ingenuity with which solve some "special effects" Required: Jesus walking on water, the decline of the Holy Spirit, Resurrection, etc. The technical prowess and appearance were so impressive for the time that was a very useful teaching tool for the Catholic missionaries in Africa and Polynesia. Zecca In 1907 he oversaw a new version with the famous Second Chomón as cinematographer.

the Manger to the Cross goes a step further and can be considered the first feature of Jesus itself. Not only that, it is also the first blockbuster about his figure and that cost a whopping $ 100,000 at the time but was such a success that soon reached that figure tenfold. The first thing you notice is that the film obviously an important aspect for devout believers is the Resurrection of Christ. A portion of this data, another curiosity of particular value in this film is being shot right in the places where the action, riding a plateau in Jerusalem for the interior and extending for three months filming in Egypt and the Holy Land. Despite this, and since the cinematic point of view, progress is minimal and the prints of Ferdinand Zecca. In fact, maintaining the same static quality of the camera (save for some another slight overview, as in the arrival of the Magi) but yes, providing more realistically staged in each painting. The absence of close-ups, tracking shots, or any other source of narrative cinema prevent creation of a film itself, being a succession of scenes a little more elaborate than its predecessor but without grace "kitsch" of that. As a final curious note that Gene Gauntier, screenwriter of the film, here plays the Virgin Mary and that the director, Sidney Olcott appears as a blind man. Ultimately two versions unpublished until recently for us and certainly very appropriate at this time as indicated for some, as "pain in the ass" to others.

Excerpt from "Life and Passion of Jesus Christ" (1905)

can not miss it: who are tired of seeing the same movies as messianic at this time.

Refrain: Whoever does not have at least curious about the film archeology.

Links Life and Passion of Jesus Christ "(1903-05)
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=L6ZIFWKV
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=KQ90XD99
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=BGFTMYTL

Links "From the Manger to the cross "(1912)
(from the forum" Stalls ")
http://www.mediafire.com/?frm6e2tb85l2qa5

http://www.mediafire . com /? 0qm40jy43ltx4ky
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SHARKTOPUS (USA, 2010)

Address: Declan O'Brien. Cast: Eric Roberts (Nathan Sands), Kerem Bursine (Andy Flynn), Sara Malakul Lane (Nicole Sands), Héctor Jiménez (Bones), Liv Boughn (Stacy Everheart), Julián González (Santos), Blake Linsey ( fish), Calvin Persson (Commander Cox), Megan Barkley (Lisa), Maija Markula (Bree). Duration: 86 minutes .

Symptoms: An engineer for the Army created a monster, half shark, half octopus, as a weapon against Somali pirates. When your electronic implants fail, the Sharktopus (or pulpurón, which comes to the same thing) goes to Mexican waters ready to scoff at every tourist who is his path.

Diagnosis: facing these types of securities inevitably makes us twist the gesture at the same time raises the fun of every movie buff most bizarre and psychotronic / tropics.

But really, what difference titles like this (or any of the other films, each more insane, that Roger Corman has produced recently for SyFy channel Universal) with productions that made this clever producer Picture for American International in the early 50? Why now defend titles like Attack of the Crab Monsters , It Conquered the world or The wasp woman at the same time dealing with products like this Sharktopus contempt?

elements are exactly the same: nonsensical scripts, special effects flights (however these are digital), third-row players (it hurts to see where he completed an actor in his time as promising as Eric Roberts) and a pellet production work led to the immediate consumption of an avid teenage audience novelties. The answer to that we deal with more condescension and labeled as "classic" those titles is certainly the effect that the time factor occurs in these works that make it cumbersome in naive as to irresistibly cheesy "kichts."

But if something must be recognized in this production (yet another clash of creature artificially modified for military purposes with its creators, more like Baywatch has Ph.D. scientists in molecular genetics), like their predecessors, is his absolute honesty in their approach: just five minutes have passed since the creature escapes laboratory from there an endless persecution, picnicking monster attacks every living creature, bold humor (attention to the intervention-cameo of a dear and old man named Roger Corman, by far the best of the tape) , girls in bikini and especially the fresh feeling that those responsible do not take the thing too seriously.

Needless to say much more about this title. Today will cause the flight of more than one, tomorrow is destined to be a classic B-series computer graphics revolution, "B" low-class, of course.

Official Trailer of the thing in question

can not miss it: The mutants amateur sailors.

Refrain: whomever the poster, the trailer and the photos do not prove absolutely irresistible.

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HAPPY END (Czechoslovakia, 1967) A health and therapy

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English Subtitles:

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Download Links:

One of the best film sequences

Refrain: Only he who does not like subtitles. At the moment the only way to enjoy this bliss.

can not miss it: No movie lovers with a capital.

Diagnosis: "Love stories are all alike unfortunate beginning and a happy ending. Mine is completely different. " With this first sentence Lipsky made a declaration of intent for the film: a hilarious satire about relationships between men and women in a complex piece of camera, silent film aesthetic and whose greatest - and amazing - particularity is to be told backwards.

Indeed, the characters always act backwards, backwards dialogue, the film ultimately continuous rewind from the first minute to its resolution "start? Of our history.

The experiment is not trivial, the action and staging is designed to provoke laughter, the dialogues are millimeter designed so that, invested, have always felt a multifaceted set of words and meanings. Above all this the voice of the protagonist, omnipresent narrator, reinvented and giving a wry explanation for everything we are seeing reverse. The result: a highly intelligent comedy that transcends its initial appearance naive, its naive tone, to become one of the most fascinating narrative experiments in the history of European cinema.

Aside from that usual in its director: art direction flawless technical virtuosity remarkable for the era and actors in a state of grace. Lypský - cult director whose limit set were his own imagination - wisely avoids the dangerous shadows of pedantry and boredom with these 70 minutes to prevent fatigue reaches never appear in the viewer.

And is that Oldrich Lipsky - as outlined in this Madhouse - can be blamed only a couple of "sins" have no French or British born and dedicated to a genre seemingly frivolous and comedy. Otherwise I've always said that his place in the cinema would be reserved next to the club reducidísmo geniuses very close to Billy Wilder and Howard Hakws.

Symptoms: Frydrych History, a head orphan. Then you grow up body and limbs on the blade of a guillotine. After a short time in a hospice behind bars for his own safety and training, Frydrych finally comes to life ready to start an unusual love story.

Original Title: Stastny Konec. Address: Oldrich Lipsky. Cast: Vladimir Mensik (Butcher Bedrich Frydrych) Jaroslava Obermaierová (Julie), Josef Abrham (Ptacek), Bohus Zahorsky (Tchan), Stella Zazvorková (Tchyné), Jaroslav Sterci (Strázník), Helena Ruzickova (Cernovláska), Josef Hlinomaz (Commissioner). Duration: 69 minutes .

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regression V: two treasures Latin Fantasy IV regression

First my apologies for this rather than prolonged absence of activity in this House of Fools, mixed bag of oddities cinéphiles with special predilection for the unprecedented, psychotronic and impossible. The continuous activity with which I began the year, alternating moonlighting and studies appear to have prevented me these parts with the necessary dedication. And this absence has mortified me not because of the inability to update my corner, and the fact you can not visit as often as you want and deserve some friends' blogs. Though my free time is still tiny, will try to correct the situation and be catching up slowly here and nearby. Although it will not be easy for me. This will require in the future, some shorter articles but, yes, with all the usual information: form, synopsis, personal evaluation and, of course, the corresponding links.

And now and to break the ice momentarily. Two key titles will refresh the Latin beat and we can arrange for direct download:

flesh of your flesh

Gothic History of love between two teenage brothers of mother during the military dictatorship in the 50's in Colombia. Through incestuous lovers are owned by the ghosts of their ancestors and become cannibalistic and vampiric creatures who spread terror in the region to be confused with indigenous myths.

Ghosts, vampires and zombies to romeriana aesthetics. All we can find in this strange and unclassifiable fantasy film shows Colombia. Recommended. Read more

Download Link:

http://www.megaupload.com/?d=XUETEM5H

MACARIO

Macario, a poor villager who has a wife and several children, has been selling firewood in the village. Tired of a life of deprivation and hardship, said that his greatest desire is to eat a turkey himself (Turkey) without having to share it with anyone. His wife, confidant as deep desire to one day steal one from the house of a wealthy family where domestic workers. When Macario is ready to eat, God, the Devil and Death appear to him to ask her to share. Finally decides to share it with death and this in return will make a gift so wonderful and dangerous.

One of the jewels, not the Mexican films, but film history. Halfway between Murnau and Bergman (in fact Death presented here rise in fascination with Bengt Ekerot starring in The Seventh Seal ), ideal for a magical tale ver en familia el día de difuntos. Imprescindible. Leer más

Enlaces de descarga:
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PROJECT CALLED "WATER FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION" Space

from 3 February until 29 April 2011 a new call is open to those interested in financial support for construction projects and / or repair of storage works, supply and water distribution and irrigation activities strategic pastures or forage crops.

For dock access the Internet site of PPR-MGAP.

http://www.cebra.com.uy/presponsable/adjuntos/2011/02/BASES-LLAMADO-AGUA-PARA-LA-PRODUCCI% C3% 93N-ANIMAL1.pdf

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Law N º 29661 - replaces the Amazon Tax Benefits

extend life of DL 978

On February 8, 2011, is published Law N º 29661, which provides as follows:

1. Suspension of the application of Title III of Legislative Decree No. 978, the same refers to the implementation of the gradual replacement of Exemptions and tax incentives, this is by removing the exemption from VAT on sales of goods and services be conducted in the Amazon (read the paragraph "a" to "k" in paragraph 3.1 of Article 3 of Law No. º 27037 Promotion Act of investment in the Amazon ).
also is leaving that program indicated that the (calendar) will be applied unfailing and extendable from January 1, 2013.

2. It restores the tax benefit of exemption of VAT on sale of goods, services and construction contracts or the first sale of property, as provided in paragraph 13.1 of article 13 of Law No. 27037, that is for departments Amazonas, Ucayali, San Martín, Madre de Dios and the province of Alto Amazonas of the Department of Loreto, as well as other provinces and districts of the other departments in Amazonia.

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collective reflection in the context of associational activity in the Northeast.

On January 24, 2011 Campon together with members of the group of settlers "Las Palmeras" teachers Rivera University Center, Sector Extension University of the Republic and the Federal University of Santa Maria, participated in a day of collective reflection on community activities in the framework of the Border.

had objectives:

1) increase the sharing between the U niversity Federal de Santa Maria and the University of the Republic in the framework of the Border, in relation to work experience associative processes and access to land by workers and / or small family farmers.

2) Provide the groups with which we are working a space for reflection on their experience and the chance to meet other associative experiences from university contributions.

The proposed work g per January MITI convey settlers, synthesize and contextualize their experiences at the regional associations. Undergraduates also partners INCRA (Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform), transmitted the experiences in Brazil, the associative processes experienced by the MST and other rural organizations and candidates to land, showing the various management alternatives that are being implemented . With the same momentum is interested in hearing the experience settlers of the group Las Palmeras.

Swap and reflection had the principal axes associative processes, access to land, the property problem, the reproduction of rural families, rural exodus, models hegemonic ways of living urban and / or city in the context of agricultural and food issue.

After the day was planned or No video and photos made in the framework of the Binational Border days in December 2010, which reflects a historical moment significant for the group as these have served as hosts to the many representatives of the University of the Republic of Brazil and other universities in the territory Lunarejo Valley, La Palma and Boqueron.

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Course "Peasantry, household production and the advance of capitalism in the"

As part of the training activities of the Central Extension and Activities in the Environment (University of the Republic) and Cycle Thinking, technical Campon part of the day: 7, 8 and 9 December 2010, in the course: "Peasants, household production and advancement of capitalism in the countryside." The activity took place in the main hall of the local PIT-CNT (central Uruguayan Association).

The course was given by Eng. Horacio Martins de Carvalho, advisor Peasant Movements in Latin America with extensive field experience in the social movement in Brazil, especially the Landless Movement.

The program touched topics such as historical talk on the concept of peasantry Advancement of Capitalism in the field and methods of work in rural communities and household production.

The course allowed the theoretical approach to a process of building a social and political alternative to the expansion of capitalist social relations (globalization) from the peasantry as a conceptual synthesis of the rural family farmer.

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exemption from VAT in the Amazon from 2010

IGV Amazon - situation as of January 2, 2011

One of the points to review, at the beginning of this year 2011, is the situation that had been applying RELEASE taxpayers located in the Amazon over sales in that area, that is, by virtue of Law No. 27037 (30/12/1998) "Law of Promotion of Investment in the Amazon" Exactly the application of article 13 of that Act
In 2007, was published Legislative Decree No. 978, containing a number of provisions relating to the delivery of tax revenues to regional or local governments of the region's forest and the Amazon, the same that were going to make a gradual and it had to do with funds the completion of the exemptions provided for in the first-mentioned rule which attaches to these exemptions have not benefited the people of the area. The aforementioned
DL 978, established the elimination of VAT exemption for sales of goods, services, construction contracts or the first sale of property, from January 1, 2009 to the departments of Amazonas, Ucayali San Martín, Madre de Dios, the Province of Alto Amazonas of the Department of Loreto, as well as provinces and districts of the Amazon ..
But that provision set out in Decree No. 978, by issuing a law (1), held in abeyance until January 1, 2011, so in this rule is the implementation of the schedule of gradual replacement from January 1, 2011. While
dated 04/16/1909, the Constitutional Court issued a ruling declaring unconstitutional the DL 978, is also noted that operative paragraph 3 of that sentence makes the mentioned DL No. 978 remains in effect by declaring the vacation of the above sentence until the Congress to legislate on the matter, a situation that it is understood, has not been given to date.
From the foregoing, we conclude that from 02.01.2011, the above operations carried out in the Amazon area are taxed with the VAT, except the Department of Loreto, except the province of Alto Amazonas.

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HAPPY NEW YEAR! the wishes of Campon

welcome to who accompany way our commitment with present and future, reaffirming our responsibility of continue promoting the "sustainable" development of the plant part that we play live!

... Congratulations!

Uniformity is death is life's diversity.

Mikhail Bakunin

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8AS Thematic Network Conference on the Environment at the University of the Republic

Days 11 and 12 November 2010 at the Centro Universitario de Rivera were held annual Days RETEMA

" knowledge and appreciation of our diversity, social and environmental . Basis for d escentralización of Uruguay."

This time the central theme was " knowledge of the specific biophysical cas and regional and local socio-cultural" (this as a basic input for decentralizing trends that are taking place in public policy and the pro pia University).

Campon under this type of initiative participate in it and shared the Guideline: "environmental thinking and other streams of consciousness have been emerging to claim currently natural and cultural diversity long denied by the ideology of our national uniformity. Proceeds from this alleged uniqueness, one obstacle to further decentralization appropriate to local conditions and resources is the low historically accumulated knowledge about such differences. The purpose of the event is to present progress being made to fill this absence and, consistently, do so at a headquarters in deterioration ".

This was the first time RETEMA Days are held outside of Montevideo. In the program among many good presentation highlighted

Dr. Humberto Tommasino (University Extension) Sustainability of production milk house.

To see the work result of the previous work go to:

http://www.cebra.com.uy/presponsable/2009/01/14/manual-de-evaluacion-de-sistemas-lecheros-familiares-a-trave s-de-indicadores-de-sustentabilidad/

http://www.cebra.com.uy/presponsable/2009/01/13/programa-indicadores-de-sustentabilidad-en-sistemas-lecheros/

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Therapies: two classic children's mundanity

Con un poco de retraso pero todavía inmersos en las fiestas Navideñas, periodo del año donde la exaltación de lo kitsch alcanza la categoría de culto religioso, aprovecho la ocasión para desear all MADHOUSE usual happy happy holidays and into 2011. Nothing better to remember two titles ideal for family during the holidays and subtly introduce our tender infants in this taste for the bizarre that we both lost. Here we go

SANTA CLAUS CONQUERS THE MARS

For that, a Santa Claus who spends most of the movie laughing at how stupid is kidnapped by Martians to established on the red planet that tender tradition of distributing these among Martians. In so stupid it is delicious. At the end do not know whether to stick with the robot made out of cardboard boxes metallic, alien guns igualitas a dryer or those faces smeared with bitumen aiming to go green complexion. If you're tired of seeing "What a Wonderful Life "this is your film. See full review.

Download link (in Castilian):

http://fileserve.com/file/m6wgQaA

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RIDING HOOD AND THE MONSTERS AGAINST PULGARCITO

The height of the Camp , Kichts and N aif, hear all close together. Colors (and characters) gaudy musical numbers as resultón, divas of Mexican cinema and a myriad of "surrogates" of monsters with evil intentions, all mixed up in this slapstick. No shortage of memorable moments, like the one in which a people becomes fair monkeys after drinking a dubious aspect or confrontation end of children with an angry dragon meat a title that was all the iconography created by Disney. The plot is not important, the special effects are fireworks and the production design is delicious. In so memorable. See full review.

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INCOTERM

Chamber International Trade [1] [i] (ICC for its acronym in English ) faithful to its tradition of providing the tools global business community, published in July 2010, changes made to Incoterms [2] 2000 version, changes to be start shall take effect from January 1, 2011.

generated changes include reducing the number of terms going from 13 to 11, finding the context of the variation in the group called "D" referred to taking the goods are delivered cost- risk in the destination.

From the above, Incoterms would be as follows:

a. rules for any type or types of transport:

· EXW ex works

· free FCA carrier

· CPT Carriage Paid To

· CIP carriage and insurance paid to

· DAT delivered at terminal

· DAP delivered at place

· DDP delivered duty paid

b. Reglas para transporte marítimo o aguas fluviales:

· FAS free alongside ship

· FOB free on board

· CFR cost and freight

· CIF cost insurance and freight

New changes include the elimination of Incoterms DAF (Delivered at Frontier ), DES (Delivered ExShip), DEQ (Delivered ExQuay) and DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid), but remains "DDP" (deliverd Duty Paid) and given creation and implementation of the following:

- DAT (Delivered at Terminal). Fits all types of transport. It refers to delivery to the port of destination, after downloaded.

- DAP (Delivered at Place / Point). Replaces DAF DDU. Fits all types of transport. Refers to deliveries in the country of destination at an agreed place. allows greater flexibility in the delivery point.

Others remain Incoterms EXW (Ex Works), FCA (Free Carrier), FAS (Free Alongside Ship), FOB (Free on Board), CFR (Cost and Freight) CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight), CPT (Carriage Paid To) and CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To).

This new Incoterms DAT may be used in any mode of transport with the seller to deliver the goods unloaded at a terminal, air, sea or land. Until now there was some limitation as both the DEQ Incoterms limited its use for maritime transport, including multimodal transport DAF.

Incoterm regard to DAP (Delivery at point / place) replaces the DDU, the seller shall deliver the goods at an agreed point in the destination country without taking charge of the formalities customs duties, which is reserved to the DDP.

DESCRIPTION OF INCOTERM

Importance of Incoterm

Before going on to describe each of the Incoterms, to which the group into four categories: E, F, C, D, which currently are still a total of thirteen standardized terms, is to mention the four basics that govern Incoterms in international sales contract coming to be delivering of goods, transfer risk, the distribution of costs and formalities of customs documents.

1. The delivery of goods : it is the first of the seller's obligations. Delivery may be direct, when the incoterm defines that the goods are delivered to the buyer, are the words "E" and the words "D", or indirectly when the merchandise is delivered to a buyer's broker, a carrier or freight forwarder are the terms "F" and the "C".

2. transmission risks: it is an essential aspect of Incoterms and should not be confused with the transfer of ownership, which is regulated by the law governing the contract. The fundamental concept is based on the risks, and in most cases, costs are passed on the geographical and chronological time that define the contract and the incoterm established. The geographical location may be the factory, dock, the ship's rail, etc., While the chronological time is defined by the delivery of the goods. Overlapping of two conditions occurs automatically transmit the risks and costs. For example, delivery FAS (Free Alongside Ship , free alongside ship) agreed in Valencia between 1 and 15 April, if the merchandise is deposited on 27 March and the sinister 28, the risks are borne by the seller, on the other hand, if sinister April 2, the risks are borne by the buyer but the ship employed by it has not arrived.

3. distribution costs : it is normal for the seller strictly liable for costs needed to place the goods in terms of delivery and the buyer is liable for other expenses. There are four cases, the "C", in which the seller undertakes to pay the transport costs (and insurance, if any) to the destination, even though the transmission risk is at the source, this due to traditional uses of shipping that allow the sale of goods while the boat is moving, because the burden changes ownership the transfer of the bill of lading .

4. The formalities of customs : In general, the export is the responsibility of the seller, there is only one incoterm no export customs clearance: EXW (Ex Works , at the factory) , where the buyer is responsible for export and often engage the services of a freight or a customs broker in the country of dispatch of the goods, to manage export. The remaining Incoterms are "in office", ie the export is the responsibility of the seller, sometimes also deals importation into the country of destination, for example, DDP (Delivered Duty Paid , Delivered Duty Paid)

Grouping Incoterm

As mentioned before, the Incoterms are grouped into four categories: E, F, C, D, and these in version Incoterms 2000 are a total of thirteen (13) whose description would be as follows:

Group E -

• EXW. Ex Works (named place): the seller makes the goods available in their facilities and delivery facilities. The cost of freight runs responsibility of the buyer from the seller's premises to the final destination.

The EXW incoterm can be used with any type of transport or a combination thereof.

Group F - Main carriage unpaid:

• FCA. Free Carrier (named place): the seller hands over the goods, cleared for export, the shipping company (determined by the buyer) at the agreed place. This term applies to all modes of transport including carriage by air, rail, road and container / intermodal transport.

• FAS. Free Alongside Ship (port): the seller must deliver the goods alongside the ship at the named port. The seller must clear the goods for transport, this changed in the 2000 version of Incoterms.

The incoterm FAS is only used for transportation by ship, either sea or river.

• FOB. Free On Board (port): the seller must load the goods on the ship by the buyer, cost and risk being divided at ship's rail. The seller must clear the goods for export. Only applies to transport by ship, either sea or river.

Group C - Main carriage paid:

• CFR. Cost and Freight (port): the seller pays the transport costs to bring goods to the port of destination. However, the risk is transferred to the buyer when the goods pass the ship's rail. Only applies to transport by ship, either sea or river.

· CIF. Cost, Insurance and Freight (named destination port) → 'cost, insurance and freight (named port of destination). "

The seller is responsible for all costs, including major transportation and insurance until the goods arrive at the destination port. While insurance has hired the seller, the beneficiary of insurance is the buyer.

As in the previous incoterm, CFR, the risk is transferred to the buyer when the goods pass the ship's rail in the country of origin. The CIF incoterm is one of the most used in international trade because the conditions of a CIF price are what make the value on customs a product that is imported. 2 should be used for general cargo or conventional, but should not be used when transported in containers .

The incoterm CIF is used for any transportation, but most boat, either sea or river.

· CPT. Carriage Paid To (named place of destination) → 'Carriage Paid To (named place of destination). "

The seller is responsible for all costs, including the main transportation until the goods arrive at the agreed point in the country of destination. However, the risk is transferred to the buyer upon delivery of goods to the carrier in the country of origin.

The incoterm CPT can be used with any mode of transport or a combination thereof, as the multimodal transport (full container load or groupage), although a part of the journey is sea \u200b\u200bor river.

· CIP . Carriage and Insurance Paid (To) (named place of destination) → 'carriage and insurance paid to (named place of destination). "

The seller is responsible for all costs, including the main transport and insurance until the goods arrive at the agreed point in the country of destination. The risk is transferred to the buyer upon delivery of goods to the carrier in the country of origin. While insurance has hired the seller, the beneficiary of insurance is the buyer.

The incoterm CIP can be used with any mode of transport or a combination thereof, as multimodal transport, although a part of the journey by sea or river.

Group D - Arrival:

· DAF . Delivered At Frontier (named place): → 'delivered border (place) '.

The seller bears the costs to the delivery of the goods at the agreed place. As a seller and buyer share the main transport costs tend to hire by carriers or freight forwarders.

The incoterm DAF goods used in carrying out long distances and pass through platforms or points logistics consolidation, where costs are transmitted and delivered the goods.

The incoterm DAF can be used with any mode of transport, including transport sea \u200b\u200bor river (in earlier versions of Incoterms 2000, could only be used for road transport, rail and road).

· DES . Delivered Ex Ship (named port): "delivery ex ship (named port of destination)."

The seller is responsible for all costs, including the main carriage and insurance (not required), until the goods are delivered at the port of destination (ship docked at the pier and goods the ship's hold.) The risks also assumed so far.

The incoterm DES is used only to transport by ship, either sea or river.

· DEQ . Delivered Ex Quay (named port): 'Delivered Ex Quay (named port of destination). "

The seller is responsible for all costs, including the main carriage and insurance (not required), until the goods are placed in the dock destination port. It also assumes the risks so far.

is used in international trade bulk of because the delivery point coincides with the bulk terminals of the ports. (In earlier versions of Incoterms 2000, the payment of import duty was paid by the seller, in the current version is for the buyer).

The DEQ incoterm only used for transportation by ship, either sea or river.

· DDU . Delivered Duty Unpaid (named destiantion place) → 'Delivered Duty Unpaid (named place of destination). "

The seller is responsible for all costs and assumes the risk until the goods are located at the agreed point of destination. The agreed point can be anywhere in the country of destination airport, a container terminal, warehouse of a freight forwarder, for example. This makes the DDU incoterm very flexible and is increasingly used, especially in the European Union and among countries that have abolished customs among them.

The incoterm DDU can be used with any mode of transport, especially in combined and multimodal transport.

The import customs charges are paid by the purchaser, either by endorsement or by any legal means.

· DDP . Delivered Duty Paid (named destination place): 'delivered duty paid (named place of destination). "

The seller pays all expenses up to leave the goods at the agreed point in the country of destination. The buyer does not perform any type of transaction. The customs import costs are borne by the seller.

The incoterm DDP can be used with any mode of transport, especially in combined and multimodal transport.

INCOTERM VERSION 2000

Viewed graphically and consolidated, it is as follows:

INCOTERM VERSION 2010

Viewed graphically and consolidated is as follows:

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[1] world business organization representing business interests, is established in Paris in 1919, being the city their headquarters.

[2] INCOTERM: English acronym I n ternational Co mmercial Terms , International Trade Terms'

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